Exposure to asbestos may cause peritoneal mesothelioma in one of two ways. One theory suggests that asbestos fibers are ingested and eventually work their way into the peritoneum, while another suggests that asbestos fibers that are inhaled are transported to the peritoneum via the lymphatic system.
Once in the peritoneum, asbestos fibers cause changes in peritoneal cells that cause them to divide without restraint, causing the peritoneal layers to thicken. The growth of cancer cells puts pressure on internal organs, and this pressure is increased by fluid that builds up in the area as a result of cancer growth.
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